You can do several things.

If slight performance fluctuations are no issue, you can simple cast a few multiple rays to imitate a blast. But don't try, say, 30 - raycasting is pretty slow and doing that will slow you game to a crawl.
You can also just emit a spray of objects and do it projectile style.
My thought on the best method (I've never actually tried this, I'm just throwing this out there) is to make a triangle object with one vertex at the end of the barrel, and then position the other two vertices so that the triange forms a fan shape imitating the weapon's spray. Then, hide the object and check for collision with enemies when you fire, deceasing the damage the father away the enemy is. It would probably be very fast. Let me know if I'm being confusing.

If you're really in to it, you could also make a whole pyramid imitating the range of the shotgun's blast, so that enemies above and below would also be affected by the spray.
-ThinkDigital